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Golden Age of Science Fiction
The first Golden Age of Science Fiction—often recognized as the period from 1938 to 1946〔Nicholls, Peter (1981) ''The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction'', Granada, p. 258〕—was an era during which the science fiction genre gained wide public attention and many classic science fiction stories were published. In the history of science fiction, the Golden Age follows the "pulp era" of the 1920s and 30s, and precedes New Wave science fiction of the 1960s and 70s. The 1950s are a transitional period in this scheme; however, Robert Silverberg, who came of age in the 1950s, saw that decade as the true Golden Age.〔
According to historian Adam Roberts, "the phrase ''Golden Age'' valorises a particular sort of writing: 'Hard SF', linear narratives, heroes solving problems or countering threats in a space-opera or technological-adventure idiom."〔Roberts, Adam ''The History of Science Fiction'', p 195, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006. ISBN 0-333-97022-5〕
==From Gernsback to Campbell==
One leading influence on the creation of the Golden age was John W. Campbell, who became legendary in the genre as an editor and publisher of science fiction magazines, including ''Astounding Science Fiction'', to the point where Isaac Asimov stated that "...in the 1940s, (Campbell) dominated the field to the point where to many seemed ''all'' of science fiction."〔Asimov, Isaac (1989), ''The Mammoth Book of Golden Age Science Fiction'', Carroll & Graf Published Inc., p.1〕 Under Campbell's editorship, science fiction developed more realism and psychological depth to characterization than it exhibited in the Gernsbackian "super science" era. The focus shifted from the gizmo itself to the characters using the gizmo. Most fans agree that the Golden Age began around 1938-39;〔 the July 1939 issue of ''Astounding Science Fiction'' () containing the first published story by A. E. van Vogt and first appearance of Isaac Asimov in ''Astounding Science Fiction'' (Isaac Asimov was first published a few months earlier in the March edition of Amazing Stories) is frequently cited as the precise start of the Golden Age. Science fiction writer John C. Wright said of Van Vogt's story, "This one started it all."〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Null-A Nitty-Gritty: An Interview with John C. Wright - Sevagram )〕 The August issue of the same magazine contained the first story by Robert A. Heinlein.
There are other views on when the Golden Age occurred. Robert Silverberg in a 2010 essay argues that the true Golden Age was the 1950s, saying that “Golden Age” of the 1940s was a kind of "false dawn."〔 "Until the decade of the fifties," Silverberg writes, "there was essentially no market for science fiction books at all"; the audience supported only a few special interest small presses.〔 The 1950s saw "a spectacular outpouring of stories and novels that quickly surpassed both in quantity and quality the considerable achievement of the Campbellian golden age."〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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